Merakit Komputer PC adalah hal yang menyenagkan dan menguntungkan karena bila kita merakit kita bisa melihat bagian bagian dalam komputer yang unik serta kita bisa menyesuaikan kebutuhan perangkat kita sesuai keinginan ataupun biaya yang kita miliki contonya bila kita ingin komputer bisa menyimpan data banyak belilah hardisk yang kapasitasnya besar atau bila kita ingin komputer bisa bermain game terbaru maka kita bisa membeli VGA yang memorynya besar. Permasalahan umum yang sering muncul adalah bila kita melihat komputer tidak ada tampilan dilayar memang membingungkan, apalagi komputer itu akan kita gunakan. Ada beberapa faktor yang bisa terjadi pada komputer anda bila hal itu terjadi yaitu :
Masalah Pemasangan Perangkat.
Masalah pemasangan perangkat pada PC anda bisa mempengaruhi kinerja komputer anda, bila anda tidak benar memasannya maka bisa jadi komputer anda tidak dapat berjalan, pada umumnya hal ini terjadi pada saat pemasangan RAM (Random Acces Memory) ataupun Kabel Power Suppy yang keduannya menempel pada Main Board, berikut ini gambar pemasangan yang benar :
Pada pemasangan RAM harus pas dan terkunci di Slot RAM nya.
Pemasangan Kabel dilakukan dengan Pas dan rapih.
2. Masahal berikutnya adalah terbalik memasang jumper ataupun conector mainboard. Dalam Mainboard disediakan paling tidak 2 jumper, jumper ini berfungsi untuk mengalirkan arus dan memutus arus. Jadi komputer dapat kita kunci dengan alat ini. Permasalahanya bila kita terbalik memasang jumper maka arus untuk mainboard sebagai papan induk penghubung semua kompunen bagian dalam cpu tidak memiliki arus listrik. Terbalik memasang conector Power juga mengakibatkan komputer tidak nyala saat di tekan tombol power.
Kesalahan memasang jumper dan conector membuat Komputer tidak nyala.
3. Pemasangan Kabel Data atau kabel Arus Hardisk kurang pas. Pemasangan kedua kabel ini harus pas sesuai bentuk slotnya, jangan terlalu dipaksa karena dapat merusak slot hardisk atau slot kabelnya. Bila kita kurang pas atau kurang kencang memasang kabel kabel ini maka yang terjadi adalah komputer dapat nyala pada awalnya tetapi tidak bisa masuk ke Windows (Tidak dapat digunakan).
Pemasangan kabel data dan kabel arus dilakukan dengan pas dan di pasang di slot Mainboard yang benar.
4. Lupa Memberi Pasta Prosesor
Bila kita lupa memberi pasta Prosesor, maka komputer yang telah kita rakit dan jalankan pada awalnya berjalan dengan baik tapi beberapa menit kemudian akan me-Restart sendiri dan akan terus-menerus seperti itu. Hal ini disebabkan karena Prosesor mengalami panas berlebih sehingga BIOS akan memerintahkan merestart komputer sendiri agar prosesor tidak terbakar.
5. Membeli VGA tidak sesuai spesifikasi Mainboard.
Bila anda membeli VGA eksternal tidak sesuai spesifikasi mainboard maka yang terjadi adalah pertama VGA tidak bisa dipasang pada Mainboard dan kalaupun bisa maka tidak akan muncul tampilan apapun pada layar komputer.
Sekian share dari saya bila ada waktu lenggang akan di sahre lagi artikel artikel yang lebih menarik.
Israel is losing some of its best friends. Moreover, a real enemy
looms on the horizon: it’s name is ISIS, an extremely dangerous enemy,
so efficiently backed by a number of powerful Government States
supposedly in the Middle East, a sea of difference between fighting
Palestinians and ISIS. Geopolitics wise, ISIS is very strong on all the
three chessboards of power: military, financial and cultural (in fact,
it is attracting thousands of persons from all around the world). Finally, the recognition of the State of Palestine by Sweden and by U.K. are monumental events. We are living in Interesting times, isn’t it?
Benjamin Netanyahu - Lost Faith Leader ^_^
Jew Lost - Use Map ^_^
Mr. Cameron - British Prime Minister
France Delegation
Mahmod Abbas - Palestine President
From last week’s FT, FYI,David
Israel is losing its friends in the worldPhilip Stephens
Europeans view settlement expansion as a tactic to destroy hopes for a two-state agreement
Britain’s parliament voted the other day to recognise the state of Palestine.
The decision will not change anything on the ground in the West Bank or
Gaza. Nor is it binding on David Cameron’s coalition government. Yet
this was an important moment, and not just because of Britain’s deep
historical connections with Palestine. The debate opened a window on
what Israel’s friends now think about the enduring impasse in the Middle
East. Benjamin Netanyahu has not had a good year. Israel’s prime
minister was blamed by the US administration for wrecking its latest
attempt to reassemble a peace process.
In truth, there were obstinacies and obstacles on both sides, but
publicly and privately, US officials identified Israel’s land grabs in
East Jerusalem and the West Bank as the principal cause of the
breakdown. Only this month Philip Hammond, Britain’s foreign secretary, said he
“deplored” plans for more than 2,000 additional homes for Israeli
settlers in Palestinian East Jerusalem. France’s foreign minister
Laurent Fabius said it put in question Israel’s oft-stated commitment to
a negotiated peace. Europeans have come to see settlement expansion as a
strategy calculated to destroy fast-fading hopes for a two-state
agreement. The summer war against Hamas
had the solid support of most Israelis. For its friends abroad, the
manner and scale of the military assault on Gaza was baffling and
counterproductive. It attracted widespread international opprobrium for
no identifiable strategic gain. Israel can never be denied the right of self-defence against rockets
fired from Gaza, but the death of 2,000, mostly civilian Palestinians
and the bombing of UN schools was rightly judged to be disproportionate.
Israel lost 70 young soldiers. For what gain? Yuval Diskin, once head
of the Shin Bet security service, told Germany’s Der Spiegel, that
Israel had turned itself into “an instrument in the hands of Hamas”. A
temporary military success was more than offset by the political gains
that accrued to Hamas and the damage inflicted on the Palestinian
Authority
headed by Mahmoud Abbas. European governments had backed Mr Abbas’s
initiative to forge a joint administration with Hamas as a prelude to
serious peace talks. Now they speculate that the Gaza operation was Mr
Netanyahu’s attempt to wreck any accommodation. These episodes have not undercut the fundamental commitment of allies
to Israel’s right to live in peace and security. They have drained
patience and trust and led many to believe Mr Netanyahu prefers a
permanent state of war to a difficult peace. Yet the alternative to two
states, as I have heard often during visits to Israel, is one state that
comes to resemble apartheid South Africa. Israel has lost its international audience. When Mr Netanyahu warns
about the nuclear threat from Iran, even those who worry deeply about
Tehran’s intentions, respond with a weary shrug. The warnings are seen
as a diversion – an effort to distract from his refusal to accept a
Palestinian state rather than a clear-headed assessment of a present
danger. This cannot be good for Israel. Such was the backdrop to this week’s vote in the House of Commons.
The occasion added lustre to the reputation of the politicians –
something too rare these days. The hyperbole and rancour of everyday
partisanship made way for reasoned argument. Israel had lobbied hard
against the motion. It was soon obvious it had lost its best friends. The alternative to two states is one-state that comes to resemble apartheid South Africa Sir
Richard Ottaway, the Conservative MP, explained that his wife’s family
had been instrumental in the fight for the creation of Israel: “I was a
friend of Israel long before I became a Tory.” And yet, “to be a friend
of Israel is not to be an enemy of Palestine”. Voicing anger at the land
grabs, he concluded with sadness: “I have to say to the government of
Israel that if they are losing people like me, they will be losing a lot
of people.” The Israeli argument, echoed as it was by a handful of supportive
MPs, is that the process of recognising Palestine as a state, which
began in the UN general assembly two years ago, is a brake on peace.
Statehood is a prize to be “earned”. To concede it now would be to
reduce the pressure for Palestinians to make tough compromises. There was never great logic in this. As several MPs pointed out, the
formulation offers Israel an extraordinary veto over the choices of
other sovereign states. Even if this once made tactical sense, the
proposition has been robbed of reason by Mr Netanyahu: Palestinians
cannot be denied statehood because of Israel’s intransigence. Jack Straw, a former Labour foreign secretary, caught the irony. If
pressure needed to be applied on anyone, he said, then it should be on
Mr Netanyahu. On Palestinian statehood, Mr Straw quoted the words in
2011 of William Hague, then Mr Cameron’s foreign secretary: “The UK
judges that the Palestinian Authority largely fulfils the criteria for
UN membership, including statehood.” The vote was 274 for recognition and 12 against. Mr Cameron had told
100 or so government ministers to abstain. He has an election next year.
Other MPs stayed away. But 136 of the 193 members of the UN, including
most recently Sweden, have now accepted Palestine for what it is: a
state. Britain will surely follow soon enough. Mr Netanyahu may rage at
the prospect, but Israel should have nothing to fear. The surest
guarantee of its security is peaceful coexistence with a Palestinian
state.
PRC Maritime Aggression Sparking Rising Southeast Asian Defense Build up Article by Nobuyuki Aoki in Singapore: "Chain-Link Military Buildups in Southeast Asia -- 1.5-Fold Increase in Defense Spending Over Past Decade To Counter China's Military Assertiveness in East, South China Sea" -
Sankei Shimbun Online
Saturday June 11, 2011 08:34:38 GMT
modernization of their arsenals in order to counteract China, which is moving to expand its maritime hegemony in the region.
Considering the rising weapons and equipment procurement by the major countries in the region, which are increasing their defense budgets in tandem with their economic growth, it is clear that the growing seriousness of the situation in the South China Sea is causing chain-link military build-ups, which are focusing on the patrolling and surveillance of the isla nds in the area.
Indonesia, which takes pride in being a leader of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), will purchase 180 Russian-made Sukhoi fighter planes f rom 2015 to 2020 and Buy 2 Kilo Class Submarine. In addition to increasing its number of frigates, Indonesia will also purchase two submarines, with Russia, South Korea, and Germany chosen as the candidates to supply the submarines.
Meanwhile, the United States has been holding the multilateral "Cobra Gold" and the "Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training" (CARAT) military exercises with various Southeast Asian countries. The United States has been promoting its military assistance for the region and strengthening countries' rapid response capabilities. Just recently from 25 June, the United States military carried out a CARAT exercise with Indonesia, with 1,600 US naval personnel, the guided-missile destroyer USS Howard, and other assets participating.
It appears that from now the United States will further boost its military cooperation and interoperability with Southeast Asia to counter China.
(Description of Source: Tokyo Sankei Shimbun Online in Japanese -- Website of daily published by Fuji Sankei Communications Group; URL:
http://sankei.jp.msn.com)Attachments:Sankei10June--Defense.pdf
Material in the World News Connection is generally copyrighted by the source cited. Permission for use must be obtained from the copyright holder. Inquiries regarding use may be directed to NTIS, US Dept. of Commerce.
Analysis on Russian arms dealings, plus more details on Putin's visit to Indonesia
Email-ID
366670
Date
2016-03-15 20:33:33
From
os@stratfor.com
To
aditio.setiawan65@gmail.com
[OS] RUSSIA, APEC - Analysis on Russian arms dealings, plus more details on Putin's visit to Indonesia
Russia arms old and new friends in Asia
By Donald Greenlees
[IMG] E-Mail Article
HONG KONG: On the way to the annual summit meeting of Asia-Pacific leaders in Australia, President Vladimir Putin of Russia has scheduled a brief stop-off in Jakarta on Thursday. High on Putin's agenda: the signing of a $1 billion arms deal that includes supplying Indonesia with two Kilo-class submarines, the first of a small fleet of the vessels.
It comes on the heels of other deals to sell advanced Su-27 and Su-30 combat fighters to Indonesia, Malaysia and other countries in the region, helping to entrench Russia's place as the leading arms supplier to Asia.
The signs that the Russian bear wants to return to its old stamping grounds in East Asia and the Pacific have become increasingly apparent in recent times, analysts say.
On Aug. 8, in what looked like a rehash of a Cold War script, two Russian strategic bombers flew provocatively close to a U.S. military base at Guam. According to the Russian account, U.S. fighter jets were scrambled to meet the nuclear-capable Tu-95 Bear aircraft in a ritual from past decades, the opposing pilots exchanging smiles. U.S. officials denied the interception took place.
After beating a strategic retreat from the region with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, analysts say Russia is making a steady comeback with a more modern agenda for exercising regional military and economic power.
The Russian regional resurgence is still in its early stages, but it could potentially have a significant impact on the strategic environment in East Asia and the Pacific in the next two decades.
Russia, already the leading exporter of weapons to Asia, is aggressively promoting new arms sales. It has ambitious long-term plans to restore the strength of its depleted Pacific fleet and Far East forces. And it will become increasingly vital to Asia's energy security as it directs a greater share of oil and gas exports to the region.
"The West and the Pacific community must come to terms with the fact that
Russia is back," said Alexey Muraviev, author of several works on Russia's
military presence in the region. "Russia no longer wants to be driven by a
Europe-Atlantic agenda alone."
Muraviev, a strategic analyst at Curtin University of Technology in
Australia, said among the clearest manifestations of Russia's aim to once
again become a "formidable Pacific player" were the growing use of weapons
exports for diplomatic and commercial gain and plans to significantly
increase the firepower of its own military forces deployed in Asia.
Some aspects of the Russian role in the military affairs of the region are already well entrenched.
Between 1998 and 2005, Russia struck agreements for $29.1 billion in arms sales to Asian countries, accounting for about 37 percent of the market, according to a report to the U.S. Congress on arms transfers to the developing world by the Congressional Research Service. New arms deals signed by the United States during that period accounted for about aquarter of the market.
The consumption of Russian military hardware has been led by two traditional customers, China and India, as both spend billions of dollars to rapidly expand their military capabilities by buying Russian combat aircraft, warships, submarines and missiles. Russia has been deepening both of those relationships by establishing joint-development programs of some weapons and agreeing to license the manufacture of others.
But it has also been aggressively seeking new clients.
In Asia, the congressional report said, "Russia's arms sales efforts,
beyond those with China and India, are focused on Southeast Asia." It said
Russia had agreed to flexible payment terms including "countertrade,
offsets, debt-swapping and, in some key cases, to make significant
licensed production agreements" to make weapons deals more appealing to
relatively poor customers.
The latest deal with Indonesia for Kilo-class submarines, jet fighters,
helicopters and tanks hinges on access to a $1 billion Russian loan to be
signed during Putin's visit, the first to Indonesia by a Russian leader
since the end of the Soviet Union.
Putin, who will travel on to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum
meeting in Sydney this weekend, will be discussing several economic
agreements with Jakarta, including a joint aluminum smelting project.
Russia has also expressed interest in building a joint satellite launching
facility on the eastern Indonesian island of Biak.
But the spearhead for Russia's engagement across the region has so far
been weapons exports. According to the United Nations conventional arms
register, Russia has in recent years exported advanced fighter aircraft,
attack helicopters, missiles, tanks and artillery to countries including
Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and South Korea,
usually on terms favorable to the buyers.
Payment terms aside, billion-dollar foreign contracts have helped sustain
the cash-strapped Russian defense industry during times when domestic
purchases of new hardware have been low.
Arms diplomacy can also help Russia rebuild diplomatic relationships and
gain leverage in the region. Indonesia, which was cut off from access to
U.S. military equipment and vital parts for several years because of
Washington's objection to its human rights record, knows how effective
arms sales can be as a diplomatic tool. The United States has since
restored military ties to reward Indonesia for its cooperation in efforts
against terror.
"The Russians are not indiscriminately selling arms," Muraviev said.
"Russia has pursued a policy driven by strategic design. If it creates a
strong client base, that can later be transformed into a larger
relationship."
Some arms sales have put Russia at loggerheads with the United States and
its regional allies. In 2005, Russia made a $700 million agreement with
Iran for a surface-to-air defense system. For several years from the
mid-1990s, Russia had an agreement with the United States not to sell
weapons to Iran.
Similarly, Russia's sale of the capable Kilo-class submarines to Indonesia might not be a welcome move for some of its neighbors.
Russia's agenda to increase its regional influence goes well beyond the role of arms dealer. It has also announced ambitious plans to restore the might of its Pacific fleet and Far East forces, which declined sharply after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Indonesia Modernization Weapon System.
Indonesia Missile(Yakont - Russia) Test.
Indonesia Building and Test Balistic Rocket 120 Km (RX 420 Version)
KRI Klewang New Version. (Stealt Warship made in Indonesia)
Wow outpreaching media, Indonesia buy 2A6 Leopard Tank.
Hahahaha surprise.
Indonesia Shukhoi 35 Flight Test.
Indonesia Kilo Class Submarine, look this flag.
Leopard 2A4 Indonesia.
Leopard Revolution With Mr. Susilo Bambang Yudoyono.
ANOA APV (Armor Personel Vehicle), Made in Indonesia.
(D) IAEA VIENNA 1953
1. SCIATT MET WITH DR. YOKA ADAR, DIRECTOR FOREIGN RELATIONS,
ISRAEL ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ON APRIL 12. DURING COURSE
OF CONVERSATION ADAR PROVIDED THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
(A) COMMISSIONERS, WITH PRIME MINISTER RABIN PRESENT
AS CHAIRMAN, MET LAST WEEK TO DISCUSS DRAFT AGREEMENT PROVIDED
BY REF A. ADAR BELIEVES THERE ARE NO MAJOR ISSUES BUT
IAEC DIRECTOR UZI EILAM HAS SOME "CONCERNS". AS TO EXACTLY
WHAT CONCERNS, ADAR NOT WILLING TO STATE.
HE DID SAY DRAFT AGREEMENT CONSIDERED TO BE MUCH MORE FAVORABLE
THAN ONE IN PAST.
(B) NSSS (NUCLEAR STEAM SUPPLY SYSTEM) SUPPLIERS HAVE
BEEN ASKED TO EXTEND BIDS TO SEPTEMBER 1 WITH NO CHANGE
IN APRIL 1, 1985 OPERATIONAL DATE.
(C) ALTHOUGH INFERRING OFFICIAL RESPONSE TO
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 TEL AV 02671 141128Z
DRAFT AGREEMENT IN NEAR FUTURE, ADAR QUESTIONED EFFECT
ON US, IF THERE WERE FURTHER DELAY WITH ISRAELI AGREEMENT.
SCIATT RESPONDED WITH GIST OF PARA 2 REF A ON DESIRABILITY OF
PROCEEDING IN TANDEM, ETC. ADAR STATED THEY APPRECIATE THE NEED FOR
SYMMETRY IN AGREEMENTS AND WERE SENSITIVE TO POTENTIAL
PROBLEMS IN ELECTION YEAR OF CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW DELAYS.
(D) HE DISCUSSED ISRAELIS CONTINUED INTEREST IN A DUAL
NUCLEAR POWER WATER DESALTING PLANT AND INDICATED DEFINITE
PLANNING FOR THIS TYPE OPERATION WITH SECOND NUCLEAR
POWER FACILITY. IAEC WOULD LIKE TO INCORPORATE WITH FIRST PLANT
BUT ISRAEL ELECTRIC CORP. OBJECTS, ALTHOUGH IF THERE ARE
CONTINUED DELAYS IN CONTRACTING THEN MAY BE POSSIBLE TO
ADD TO FIRST.
( E) ADAR EXPRESSED INTEREST IN US COOPERATION IN
DEVELOPING SEA WATER COOLING TOWER TECHNOLOGY FOR USE
WITH NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. IAEC EVIDENTLY HAS HAD SOME
LIMITED DISCUSSION WITH WESTINGHOUSE AND SOMEONE AT
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. ISRAEL SEES POTENTIAL USE OF THIS
TECHNOLOGY FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS LOCATED ALONG PROPOSED
MEDITERRANEAN/DEAD SEA CANAL (REF B) WHERE FLOW RATE
INSUFFICIENT FOR THROUGH-PUT COOLING. COMMENT: IF SUFFICIENT
US INTEREST THIS COULD BE CONSIDERED AS POSSIBLE PROJECT
FOR NEW BINATIONAL INDUSTRIAL R&D FOUNDATION SUPPORT.
(F) ADAR STATED CONSENSUS NOW THAT THERE IS NO
COASTLINE FAULT AS PREVIOUSLY SUSPECTED BY SOME ISRAELIS,
(SEE REF C) AND EXPRESSED IRRITATION THAT SEVERAL MILLION
DOLLARS AND TIME HAD BEEN SPENT ON BASIS OF VERY
QUESTIONABLE SUSPICIONS. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY ANALYSIS
WILL BE COMPLETED BY SEPTEMBER.
(G) EKLUND VISIT (REF D) WAS DESCRIBED AS TOURISTIC
WITH NO SUBSTANTIVE DISCUSSIONS.
2. REQUEST DEPARTMENT ADVICE AND COMMENT.
CONFIDENTIAL
Nuclear Weapon Israel Progres :
Fwd: [Letters to STRATFOR] RE: Nuclear geopolitic-Israel
Released on 2012-10-19 08:00 GMT
Email-ID
972626
Date
2009-05-28 18:01:12
From
dial@stratfor.com
To
responses@stratfor.com
Fwd: [Letters to STRATFOR] RE: Nuclear geopolitic-Israel
Begin forwarded message:
From: morasha18@msn.com
Date: May 28, 2009 12:10:01 AM CDT
To: letters@stratfor.com
Subject: [Letters to STRATFOR] RE: Nuclear geopolitic-Israel
Reply-To: morasha18@msn.com
Michael Archer sent a message using the contact form at
https://www.stratfor.com/contact.
The recent article regarding the geopolitical changes one could expect
from the rise of nations aquireing their own nuclear arsenal was a
thoughtful and sound rational overveiw of what one may expect for future
stability in the world community. However there is one aspect to the
various scenarioswhich strikes me as being novel to the mix. The rise of
Muslim extremeism in these latter times has introduced a fearful element
for which none of the rational end games have a quieting recourse. Put
simply, the dedicated religious Muslim mind is not rational, in a world
community context. The advent of their Messiah will be in chaos on earth
and the destruction of the Jewish peoples where ever they may be found.
This two pronged obsession for them knows no bounds and is most
assuredly
not hindered by community sanctions of any kind. All motivation for the
fulfillment of our greatest fears comes from an otherworldly source; the
dedication to which is best proved by fanatical deeds which will bring
the
longed for realigning of the world to their peculiar religious bent.
Obsession becomes the key word here as it applies to Israel. The
greatest
blessings can only be imagined, to the eager student of Allah who would
by
a single push of a button wipe out the main impediment to the Messiah's
coming- the existence of Israel. This I believe is the folly of the
Obama
"plan" to deal with Iran in such sophomoric overtures as have been seen
in
the last few weeks: failing to count the cost in the currency of the
Islamic dedication religiosly to their true cause. To this end I also
was
brought to ponder (by thie recent article) when the last time was that
Israel test fired a rocket showing their delivery prowess?? I wonder if
their secrecy about their nuclear capability is a paper tiger belying
the
reality that they are not prepared to compare favorably in the missle
delivery arena. What a dramatic bluff that would be, if we were to
believe
that the military powers that be could not bring themselves to offend
their
religious training in the Torah-re: the taking of human life. After all
is
said and read in the Bible their is scant mention of the use of such
devices in the prophecy regarding the discipline of the nations for
their
treatment of Israel. Oddly enough it speaks of horse armies coming down
into the valley of judgement from the King of the North and in another
place that blood would be up to the horese bridles from the carnage. Not
exactly the image one imagines the prophet seeing through the lens of a
smart bomb guidance camera!!! Thanks for the platform to pose the
question
about Israel's capabilities.
Secret Israel - US Document. Thanks Geoni Leardo and hacking team, good bless you ^_^
Today,
Friday 13 April at 23:33 WIB, Me releases a collection of documents that open
up a corrupt multi-billion dollar war by Western and Chinese companies grab
uranium and other mining rights in the Central African Republic (CAR) and
escape paying for the environmental consequences. Among the hundreds of pages
in this publication are detailed maps of mining rights, mining contracts with
illegal kickbacks and secret investigative reports. The documents have been
long sought by fraud investigators. In December 2015 a case was filed against
Areva, alleging corruption related to the €1.8 billion purchase of three
uranium mines in 2007.
Effective
oversight process by the local authorities is subverted either by duping state
officials with deceiving front companies, such as the UN registered World
Sports Alliance (WSA), now recycled into a cover for mining companies, or by
corrupting them through the payment of 'cash bonuses'. After a profitable
exploitation of resources, companies such as Areva – a French multinational
group specialising in nuclear power – abandon the country, leaving behind
nuclear contamination without having launched any of the promised investments.
Map Resource Carthography
The mining sector in Central African Republic: an overall view
These documents provide a 360 degrees view on the mining sector and its
relationships with one of the poorest countries in the world, Central African
Republic, showing the numerous schemes put in place to avoid legal, impositive,
social and environmental obligations by the mining companies and the growing
difficulties of the states to implement their decisions.
Mapping Mr. Nola Mbaiki M.Sc.
AREVA and URAMIN scandal
The most powerful nuclear company in the world, AREVA, abandoned its Central
African Republic exploitation without having launched any of the promised
investments after an enormous political and financial scandal, amidst a social
and environmental crisis, with skyrocketing radioactivity levels (up to 30
times the natural radioactivity in the zone) and literally transporting its
former employees back to their homes like cattle. The following documents show
the constant disdain of the company towards Central African Republic
institutions and its population, and the neocolonial conditions of exploitation
of its mines in Africa.
Corruption and legal violations in the Central African Republic mining
sector: international list of companies responsible
This list shows in a very efficient way which companies intervene in the
mining sector in CAR and how most of them violate their obligations toward the
state, having corrupted its officials through "bonuses", paid most of
the time in cash.
Today, 2nd April 2016, Me publishes the
records of a 19 March 2016 teleconference between the top two IMF
officials in charge of managing the Greek debt crisis - Poul Thomsen,
the head of the IMF's European Department, and Delia Velkouleskou, the
IMF Mission Chief for Greece. The IMF anticipates a possible Greek
default co-inciding with the United Kingdom's referendum on whether it
should leave the European Union ('Brexit').
"This is going to be a disaster" remarks Velkouleskou in the meeting.
According to the internal discussion, the IMF is
planning to tell Germany that it will abandon the Troika (composed of
the IMF, European Commission and the European Central Bank) if the IMF
and the Commission fail to reach an agreement on Greek debt relief.
Thomsen: "Look you, Mrs. Merkel, you face a
question: you have to think about what is more costly, to go ahead
without the IMF--would the Bundestag say 'The IMF is not on board?', or
[to] pick the debt relief that we think that Greece needs in order to
keep us on board?"
Remaining in the Troika seems an increasingly hard
sell internally for the IMF, because non-European IMF creditor
countries view the IMF's position on Greece as a violation of its
policies elsewhere of not making loans to countries with unsustainable
debts.
In August the IMF announced it would not participate
in last year's €86 billion Greek bailout, which was covered by EU
member states. IMF Chief Christine Lagarde stated at the time that the
IMF's future participation was contingent on Greece receiving
"significant debt relief" from creditors. Lagarde announced that a team
would be sent to Greece, headed by Velkouleskou.
Thomsen said internally that the threat of an
imminent financial catstrophe is needed to force the other players into
a "decision point". For Germany, on debt relief, and In the case of
Greece, to accept the IMF's austerity "measures," -- including raising
taxes and cutting Greek pensions and working conditions. However the UK
"Brexit" referendum in late June will paralyse European decision
making at the critical moment.
"I am not going accept a package of small measures. I
am not..." said Thomsen. "What is going to bring it all to a decision
point? In the past there has been only one time when the decision has
been made and then that was when [the Greeks] were about to run out of
money seriously and to default. [...] And possibly this is what is
going to happen again. In that case, it drags on until July, and
clearly the Europeans are not going to have any discussions for a month
before the Brexits..."
Last year Greek Finance Minister Tsakalotos accused
the IMF of imposing "draconian measures," including on pension reform.
While Velkouleskou concedes in the meeting that "What is interesting
though is that [Greece] did give in... they did give a little bit on
both the income tax reform and on the.... both on the tax credit and
the supplementary pensions."
But Thomsen's view is that the Greeks "are not even
getting close [to coming] around to accept[ing] our views."
Velkouleskou argues that "if [the Greek government] get
pressured enough, they would... But they don't have any incentive and
they know that the Commission is willing to compromise, so that is the
problem."
Velkouleskou: "We went into this negotiation with
the wrong strategy, because we negotiated with the Commission a minimal
position and we cannot go further [whereas] the Commission is just
starting from this one and is willing to go much further. So, that is
the problem. We didn't negotiate with the Commission and then put to
the Greeks something much worse, we put to the Greeks the minimum that
we were willing to consider and now the Greeks are saying [that] we are
not negotiating."
While the Commission insists on a Primary Government
Budget Surplus (total tax minus all government expenditure excluding
debt repayments) of 3.5%; the IMF thinks that this target should be set
at 1.5% of GDP. As Thomsen puts it, "if [Greece] come around to give
us 2.5% [of GDP in tax hikes and pension-wage-benefits cuts]... we
should be fully behind them." -- meaning that the IMF would, in
exchange for this fresh austerity package, support the reduction of the
Primary Surplus Target imposed upon them from the 3.5% that the
European Commission insists on to 1.5%.
These targets are described as "very crucial" to the
IMF. The IMF officials ask Thomsen "to reinforce the message about the
agreement on the 2.5%, because that is not permeating and it is not
sinking very well with the Commission."
At one point, Velkouleskou refers to an unusual
solution: to split the problem into two programs with two different
targets: "The question is whether [the Europeans] could accept the
medium term targets of the Commission, for the purposes of the program,
and our targets for the purposes of debt relief." Thomsen further
explains that "They essentially need to agree to make our targets the
baseline and then have something in that they hope that will
overperform. But if they don't, they will still disburse."
The EWG [Euro Working Group] needs to "take a stand
on whether they believe our projections or the Commission's
projections." The IMF's growth projections are the exact opposite of
the Commission's. The Commission projects a GDP growth of 0.5%, and the
IMF a GDP decline of 0.5% (even if Greece accepts all the measures
imposed by the IMF).
